Weekly Reflection 8

In Chapter 21, it mentions the how the revolution, socialism, and global conflict during after the WWII which affect the world move toward. Here I have emphasized talk about the Cold War.

Cold War, is the capitalism group which led by British and U.S, versus the socialism group which led the Soviet Union the Soviet Union, is a long-term political competition during 1947 to 1991. After the WWII over, the allies which were main force to against the Nazi German--- U.S and the Soviet Union became the only two superpowers in the world. They build up North Atlantic Treaty Organization with stand side for capitalism and The Warsaw Pact which stands side for socialism. Such as ideological confrontation, Cold War took place as its name. Two sides never had a formal battle, but have a nuclear weapon which has a guarantee for an ability to bring destruction to another.

During decades of Cold War, the relationship between two sides had rapidly, continually changed. Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis and Vietnam War, these main events indicated that two sides of Cold War onset proxy war for competition. Not only the proxy war but the competition also happen in many another way: have more allies, deployed strategic forces, send support to the third party, intelligence and publicity, technology competition, the arms race, etc. U.S and the Soviet Union had political and military activity in many third world country in Americas, Africa, middle east and Southeast Asia for decrease the risk of having a nuclear war.

In 1980, Ronald Wilson Reagan as the President of U.S, have more pressure on the Soviet Union by diplomacy, military and economic way. Also, Socialism group already suffer a stagnate or even recession on economic development. Mikhail Gorbachev which the new president of Soviet decided to had economic reformation and open policy. But many eastern European countries had strongly will to be independent. After stopping the support to European countries, Soviet Union begins to fallen apart. Eventually, totally dissolution in 1991.

Weekly Reading Reflection 7

In Chapter 20, it mentions the how the wars and depression affect the world move toward. Here I have emphasized talk about the World War I.

In 1878, Serbia had been annexing by Austro-Hungarian Empire. It results in the citizens of Serbia dissatisfied to the empire. In June 28^th of 1914, A student from Serbia used a gun assassinate Franz Ferdinand which the Royal Prince of Austro-Hungarian Empire with a gun in Sarajevo. This event’s objective is made Serbia independent from the Empire. Austro-Hungarian Empire asked Serbia to list the killer as wanted and have punishment on him. When the empire considered that Serbia failed to accomplish its request, it had a war to Serbia.

During the war, lots of males join the war and frontline, its result in labor of many countries have extremely decreased.  The producing line of military supplies, weapons, and logistic support began to employed female. It brought the status of women became more relevant. In 1920 and 1928, American and England Gave the rights of the vote to women shows women as a more essential elements in the society. Feminism began to development in this period.

German and Ottoman Empire joined the side of Austro-Hungarian Empire. British, France, Japan, Russia, Italy, United State and China join the Serbia site. Eventually, after almost 9 millions of humans sacrificed in wars, the side of the Serbia had their victory. Countries of European inflicts heavy losses on this war, especially the Germen requirement to face massive compensation by lost the war. It becomes a foreshadowing to the World War II.

       After the War World I, Even though, China already stopped the war compensation to Germen and Austro-Hungarian Empire, and also present the eliminate the dominated area of foreign force as a victorious nation in Peace Conference, but it refused of European powers. German dominated area in China had under control by Japan. Japan raised sharply after the WWI, and it transforms as a creditor country.

Weekly Reflection 6

       In Chapter 19, it mentions the how the empire end around the world.. Here I have emphasized talk about the Dynasty Qing in China. 

       In late phase of Qing, China faced unprecedented turmoil, the most famous event would be Opium War. In 1839 to 1842, Qing and British had a war because of the merchant sell opium openly on coastal area of Guangdong (a south province of China). The blasting fuse of war is the  destruction of opium at Humen. Emperor Daoguang had order to Lin Zhexu destroy thousand boxes and packages of opium in a mouth. Non-related merchants and foreigners agreed and support this move. But after  destruction of opium at Humen, Emperor Daoguang decided abolish any commerce relationship with British. British had a war to China for totally open the gate of trading of China. Eventually, Qing became the loser and sign the unequal document Treaty of Nanking. Document includes open five wharfs for commerce, ceded the Hong Kong Island and have huge sum of compensation to British. Opium War is the first war of western countries have invasion to China, and it is symbol of beginning of modern history.

After the First Sino-Japanese War, some intellectuals understand that if lead China prosperous again, Qing must use western thought and institution as reference. On one side, intellectuals combine the theories and knowledge of west and China, and they renew the traditional value to expand the modern meaning of it by western value and concept. On the other side, some scholar had critic on the old pedantry concepts or manners. They wished to western advance thoughts could play the role of its original spirit and claimed that minimize the monarchical power. Most of advanced intellectuals advocated relevance of the personal autonomously, freedom and equality.

In 1912,the last emperor of Qing --Xuantong Emperor Puyi formally abdicated. Dynasty ended the over 300 years ruling, and Republic of China built up. 

Reading Reflection 5

       In Chapter 18, it mentions the colonial encounters in Asia and Africa. Here I have emphasized talk about the colonial activity in Asia.
       In 16 century, Portuguese Empire discovers the channel to Asia which passes the Cape of Good Hope, and they break the monopoly trade link of Arabic country to Asia. But United East Indian Company establishment lead Portuguese’s force of influence to get weaker. Netherland had few trade post which built on east Indian, and then build up another post on Malacca and British Ceylon on 16 century. France and British also join in the scramble of Indian. The invasion of this two country  result in a land force of Portuguese were imploded. On 1763, British dislodged France out of Indian and established the British East India Company, and became the most relevant political organization in Indian.

       During the first half of the 19 century, because it was the early phase of the industrial revolution, European powers did not have more attentions on the colonies they got in Asia. But after the industrial revolution, European power had the huge demand for raw material and resource. And because of the economic depression in Europe, so there was a requirement the expand the market. A new wave of immigration result in some of the district had indirect domination or monopoly become colonies and had direct control.

       Since 1840, British, France and Netherland have colonies in the Middle East, Indian and southeast Asia. Some new power such as Japan which became stronger because of the Meiji Restoration, and also German which established after Franco-Prussian war joins the list of colonists.

       In short term, colonist brings the destructive damage to the local labor resource and material resource in colonies. But in long term, outstanding young generations in colonies have the technology and advance ideology, it is any way to boost modernization progressive to colonies and eventually become independent from suzerain.

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Weekly Reading Reflection 4

In Charter 17, it talked about the Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution began on about 1750s, and in the period of Industrial Revolution, the way people produce was significantly changed. Machines began to appear and replace the way to produce with manpower or animal power. Individual hand produces “evolutes” to Huge scale produce line and factory, and the machine becomes a symbol of this period cause of its invention and practically use in Industrial Revolution.

Even through, Industrial Revolution began in the 1750s, but before 1830, it never really had a real effect on people. When James von Breda Watt improved the steam engine, a group of technique revolution lead produces way from traditional to machine production.

England is the origin country of the Industrial Revolution, and also the first one finished the revolution. It is not a coincidence that Industrial Revolution takes place in England. Britain Island has massive coal reserve, and coal is a most relevant element in modem industrial. Also the because of the demand of coal, the technique of underground coal gather was developed. England also has a relatively comprehensive patent system, which of support the creativity of technique positively. And also the local high labor cost pushed technique revolution to lower the cost of good sold.

Industrial Revolution has a huge effect on scientific development. Before the revolution, development of scientific hardly ever use in industrial production, but it grew with revolution. Scientists become more popularization. More and more people from laboring classes become the scientist in the district which industrially developed area.

The Enclosure and the agriculture technique improvement cause lots of people from countryside to the city. Because of city and factory accept these people, so it results in urbanization. People who live in the city have more convince way to communicate and receive knowledge. People’s mind has manipulated and become more looking for personal felicity instead of group’s. Capitalism raised in this period.  

WEEKLY READING REFLECTION 3

In the 18th century, the Athletic revolution began to appear in civilizations all around the world. These revolutions are the guidance to the world pattern later in following 19th and 20th century.
American Revolution which happened during 1775 to 1787. It results in colonies of the North America break away from the United Kingdom and built up the United State. The reason for this revolution happened are the British government decided to make the domination stronger than before. The British government published new economy and land disturbed policy for more beneficial to them. It unsatisfied and anger of people in colonies was accumulated day by day. Boston Massacre and the Destruction of the Tea in Boston these two events intensify the disagreement between the people in colonies and the British government. Eventually, the first sound of shooting took place in Lexington---American War of Independence begin. Because of local citizens understanding of the terrain and good at fighting, also France navy joined the battle, the United Kingdom lost the battle.
French Revolution destroyed the centuries of domination of feudalism and monarchy. Because of the economic crisis, the French king Louis 16 have additional tax to people, the anger of people and the Enlightenment in a period of time combined together as the frame of the revolution. In the final Estates-General in 1789, the revolution began. As revolution went on, such event like Storming of the Bastille and Tennis Court Oath took place. After the Louis 16 killed by public execution, the domestic faction against each other until the Napoleon took control.
There are three ways of affection to the world: In a political way, French Revolution is the most huge scale bourgeois revolution in the modern era. It shakes the feudalism orders on the land of Europe. And also being a model of successful revolution for other country studies from. In an economic way, it leads France become the almost biggest industry country almost same as the United Kingdom, and it also boosted the industrial revolution in Europe. In mentally way, it boosted the capitalism growing and also the development in the scientific area. But some of the thoughts were pretended as new thoughts, but they are the tool of despotism.

Reading Reflection 2

  Scientific revolution began at 16^th to the 17^th century. Nicolaus Copernicus’s De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, which claim that the sun should be the center of solar system instead of the sun; Andreas Vesalius’s De humani corporis fabrica, which share the image of human body construction. And more monumental works as a symbol of the scientific revolution after the revolution began. Physics, astronomy, biology, medicine and chemistry experienced the fundamentality change. Views of the development of Middle Ages transform to the foundation of modern science. And these changes not only take place in each single subject but the understanding of the universe.

  Scientific revolution brings a qualitative leap of understanding to the objective world. On one hand, base on the new scientific theories or concept, and it provides a brand new technology, producing tool and processes bring up social productivity to another level. On another hand, Scientific revolution nurtures a way of thinking and spirit of science as a “catalyst” boost the spiritual life of human and cultural progress. Scientific revolution could also be a pioneer of social revolution.

  In my personal view, if the Scientific revolution never happens in that period, Europe now may be still just a combination with few thearchy countries. And the world might still stay in early globalization form as the 17th century. But history never going accidently, in a certain period, somebody who are creative and able to have introspection to the whole system of knowledge. If there are no Copernicus or Newton, somebody would have same views as they lead us forward, because this is the trend of history.