Weekly Reading Reflection 4

In Charter 17, it talked about the Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution began on about 1750s, and in the period of Industrial Revolution, the way people produce was significantly changed. Machines began to appear and replace the way to produce with manpower or animal power. Individual hand produces “evolutes” to Huge scale produce line and factory, and the machine becomes a symbol of this period cause of its invention and practically use in Industrial Revolution.

Even through, Industrial Revolution began in the 1750s, but before 1830, it never really had a real effect on people. When James von Breda Watt improved the steam engine, a group of technique revolution lead produces way from traditional to machine production.

England is the origin country of the Industrial Revolution, and also the first one finished the revolution. It is not a coincidence that Industrial Revolution takes place in England. Britain Island has massive coal reserve, and coal is a most relevant element in modem industrial. Also the because of the demand of coal, the technique of underground coal gather was developed. England also has a relatively comprehensive patent system, which of support the creativity of technique positively. And also the local high labor cost pushed technique revolution to lower the cost of good sold.

Industrial Revolution has a huge effect on scientific development. Before the revolution, development of scientific hardly ever use in industrial production, but it grew with revolution. Scientists become more popularization. More and more people from laboring classes become the scientist in the district which industrially developed area.

The Enclosure and the agriculture technique improvement cause lots of people from countryside to the city. Because of city and factory accept these people, so it results in urbanization. People who live in the city have more convince way to communicate and receive knowledge. People’s mind has manipulated and become more looking for personal felicity instead of group’s. Capitalism raised in this period.  

WEEKLY READING REFLECTION 3

In the 18th century, the Athletic revolution began to appear in civilizations all around the world. These revolutions are the guidance to the world pattern later in following 19th and 20th century.
American Revolution which happened during 1775 to 1787. It results in colonies of the North America break away from the United Kingdom and built up the United State. The reason for this revolution happened are the British government decided to make the domination stronger than before. The British government published new economy and land disturbed policy for more beneficial to them. It unsatisfied and anger of people in colonies was accumulated day by day. Boston Massacre and the Destruction of the Tea in Boston these two events intensify the disagreement between the people in colonies and the British government. Eventually, the first sound of shooting took place in Lexington---American War of Independence begin. Because of local citizens understanding of the terrain and good at fighting, also France navy joined the battle, the United Kingdom lost the battle.
French Revolution destroyed the centuries of domination of feudalism and monarchy. Because of the economic crisis, the French king Louis 16 have additional tax to people, the anger of people and the Enlightenment in a period of time combined together as the frame of the revolution. In the final Estates-General in 1789, the revolution began. As revolution went on, such event like Storming of the Bastille and Tennis Court Oath took place. After the Louis 16 killed by public execution, the domestic faction against each other until the Napoleon took control.
There are three ways of affection to the world: In a political way, French Revolution is the most huge scale bourgeois revolution in the modern era. It shakes the feudalism orders on the land of Europe. And also being a model of successful revolution for other country studies from. In an economic way, it leads France become the almost biggest industry country almost same as the United Kingdom, and it also boosted the industrial revolution in Europe. In mentally way, it boosted the capitalism growing and also the development in the scientific area. But some of the thoughts were pretended as new thoughts, but they are the tool of despotism.

Reading Reflection 2

  Scientific revolution began at 16^th to the 17^th century. Nicolaus Copernicus’s De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, which claim that the sun should be the center of solar system instead of the sun; Andreas Vesalius’s De humani corporis fabrica, which share the image of human body construction. And more monumental works as a symbol of the scientific revolution after the revolution began. Physics, astronomy, biology, medicine and chemistry experienced the fundamentality change. Views of the development of Middle Ages transform to the foundation of modern science. And these changes not only take place in each single subject but the understanding of the universe.

  Scientific revolution brings a qualitative leap of understanding to the objective world. On one hand, base on the new scientific theories or concept, and it provides a brand new technology, producing tool and processes bring up social productivity to another level. On another hand, Scientific revolution nurtures a way of thinking and spirit of science as a “catalyst” boost the spiritual life of human and cultural progress. Scientific revolution could also be a pioneer of social revolution.

  In my personal view, if the Scientific revolution never happens in that period, Europe now may be still just a combination with few thearchy countries. And the world might still stay in early globalization form as the 17th century. But history never going accidently, in a certain period, somebody who are creative and able to have introspection to the whole system of knowledge. If there are no Copernicus or Newton, somebody would have same views as they lead us forward, because this is the trend of history.

Weekly Reading Reflection

        In the Chapter 14, the reading material is about the economic between empire took place in different place on the earth.

The commerce between European and Asian is took place in 1497, and Vasco da Gama as a marine began his voyage of Portuguese. He had explore India and the west coast of African. New spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, cloves and other herbal had attention of Europeans and cause huge demand of these new products. The empire of Portuguese eventually dominate the west coast of Africa which used to under control by Muslin. Depending on the trading post on west Africa coast and India. Portuguese becomes a huge trading and colony empire in the world.

       The East India companies are a group of company which establish by big powers from Europe, These companies build up there own business and had settlement in India. British East India Company and Dutch India company are two competitors to each on business in Asia. Dutch India Company set up the trade post on Taiwan, and the goal is build up a trade system like Portuguese on India Ocean with China, Japan and Korea. British East India Company had war with the competitors from Dutch and Spain, and unlike the Dutch have monopoly on rich islands, British company focus on the business on the India.

       The Atlantic Slave Trade is a trading activity of slave between America, Europe and Africa during the 16th century to 19th century. The coast area of Atlantic Ocean treat African people as cheap labor and sold to the Europe and colonial district in America. Slaves have been captured by kidnapping or attacking. Slave usually stayed in extremely crowd boat during the transport. Terrible hygienic conditions make part of slaves died before they arrive to destination, and their courses would directly be threw in sea.

       I think as a country growing to larger scale, such trading and communicating to other countries or civilizations is unavoidable for a nation’s expansion. British, Dutch, Spain and more big powers from Europe realized the relevant to have colonial on the civilization which did not grow yet and have more dominant right on the world. However, these countries had sacrificed the culture and labor of other civilizations to growing which could be immorality and inhuman in modern ethical view, but the rudiment of globalization is built up by these commerce between empires.

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